Assignments+and+Labs

__December 17th, 2009__ 15. a) shield volcano b) rift eruption c)composite volcano Page 538 __** 12. The Continental Drift Theory 13. A) convergent b) Divergent c) Transform
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14. Because it’s harder for magma to be released when to continental plates are colliding upwards or if two plates are just pushing against each other.

15. Because the great mountain ranges of the world seemed to fit together suggesting that the continents where once connected

16. The Earth’s surface would be cooler and the core and the layers of earth would be colder causing everything underneath Earth’s surface to freeze. That means the Earth surface and earth wouldn’t be livable, there wouldn’t be any geographic features on Earth and earth would stop moving.

17. They give clue to where the hot spots of earth are located and when magma can be found. Lets us see the mantle convection system and how it works and flows.

18. Because the tectonic plates when they collide causing rifts in earth’s surface causing magma to rise up from earth’s interior.

19. They would be large pools of lava that would flow down the hills and land burning and melting everything in its path.

20. It is difficult to study earthquakes as they occur because it is hard to locate the epicenter where the earthquake started.

21. a) trench b)volcano c)upper mantle d)crust e)lower mantle

**__December 10th, 2009__** 12-1C Piecing Together Pangaea Page 515 1. Antarctica, Africa, Australia, India and Mad. Were easy to put together because the shapes of the continents kind of just fitted together like puzzle pieces furthermore I used the fossils to help by following the path of where the fossils were found. 2. The fossils and folding mountains because you could easily see where the path went which made it easy to see which countries were connected. 3. A) Yes, North America, Europe and Greenland. B) if there were clear fossil paths to line up with each other 1. Firstly, I looked at the Pangaea pieces and pictured them as puzzle pieces. Secondly, I examined the pieces to see if the shapes of the continents matched. Then, I saw that some continents had fossils paths on them which lined up together, so I connected them together. Then I saw that Europe, North America and Greenland and the top of Africa had matching folded mountains so I lined them up together. B) Alfred examined the fossils and structure of the countries to see if there was evidence of Pangaea just as I did. 2. We use several pieces of evidence because need to be extra sure that your connecting the right country with the right country. 3.  The continents in 200 million years might actually be connected again but maybe in a different way for example, Australia might be connected with Canada. B) The climate of BC might become hotter or colder depending on how far it is from the equator, plants may die and new plants may grow because of the change in climate, and might see new geological structures such as mountains form. The continents fitted together because there tectonic plated were connected to each other. I learnt that when the continents were connected Australia was connected to India and Antarctica and I learnt that Alfred Wegner used many pieces of evidence such as fossils and matching folded mountain to show that Pangaea was real.
 * __ Purpose: __** How did the continents fit together before Pangaea broke apart?
 * __ Materials: __** photocopy of continents, scissors, 12.5cm x 28cm sheet of, paper, glue
 * __ Procedure: __** see page 515
 * __ Analyze: __**
 * __ Conclude and Apply: __**
 * __ Conclusion: __**

Page 461 #20 a) Albedo of a typical city would be less than albedo of a forested area for in acity there are more materials that would absorb the radiation such as concrete, asphalt, and shingles rooves.
 * December 1st, 2009 **

b) To reduce the albedo from a city plaza woule be to use concrete or asaphalt. c) because they absorb the radiation instead of reflecting it back into the atmosphere.

d and e) plae- coloured shingles would take longer too cool because they easily absorb solar radiation, keeping it trapped. Then the shingles slowly emit infrared radiation into the air raising the temperature. f) Well the easier a material conducts heat and thermal energy the hotter the material gets and at a quicker rate. Similarly if a city is made up of more thermal conductors the hotter the city would be creating an urban heat island.

g) The role of convection in an urban heat city is to increase the transfer of heat within fluids.

10-1B Conduction in Action: Lab
 * November 26th, 2009 **

Purpose: How can you investigate the rate of conductivity through different metals?

Materials: - Four 8 cm conduction bars - Felt pen - Ruler - Wax strips or candles - Matches - Hot plate - Brick or block of wood - Stopwatch - Graph paper - Coloured pens or pencil crayons

Procedure : See page 432

Diagram:
 * Distance(cm) || Copper (Cu) || Aluinum(Al) || Lead (Pb) || Tin (Sn) || Carbon (C) || Zinc (Zn) ||
 * 0.0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 ||
 * 0.2 || 5sec || 4sec || 6sec || 3sec || 12sec || 6sec ||
 * 0.4 || 8sec || 10sec || 14sec || 21sec || 23sec || 13sec ||
 * 0.6 || 14sec || 21sec || 29sec || 30sec || 37sec || 29sec ||
 * 0.8 || 22sec || 34sec || 60sec || 48sec || 54sec || 55sec ||

Analyze:

1. You could tell that heat was being produced because the wax was melting.

2. a) No not all because some of the metals were better thermal conductors than others. b) Al, Cu, Sn, Zinc, Carbon then Pb Conclude And Apply:

1. The hotter the metal becomes the more kinetic energy produced meaning that the particles are moving quicker causing more collisons between eachother. Which then in turn means more total energy which causes an increase in thermal energy.

2. I would use the metal that acts as the best insulator to stir a hot mixture for it conduxts lessthermal energy meaning the metal wont get hot as quickly as some of the other metals would, Furthermore, this means less chance of a burn.

Conclusion:

In the lab I learnt that some metals such as Aluminum are better thermal conductors than metals such as carbon or zinc. Furthermore, I learnt that metals conduct heat and thermal energy at different rates and the difference between thermal conductors and insulators. You can investigate rate of conductivity through different metals by examing how quickly a substance on the metal starts to melt such as wax.

__Reading Check:__ <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 1. Kinetic Molecular theory explains that all matter is composed of particles. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 2. Temperature is a measure of kinetic energy of all the particles in a sample of matter. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 3. Fahrenheit, Celsius and Kevin are the three different temp scales.
 * Page 426**

**Page 427**

<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 1. Thermal energy. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 2. More heat meaning higher the temperature the more thermal energy. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 3. Heat is the amount of thermal energy that transfers from an area or object of higher temperature to an area of lower temperature.
 * Page 428**

<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 1. Conduction. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 2. Higher temperature to lower temperature. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 3. Conductors are materials that transfer heat easily. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 4. Insulators. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 1. I) b II)d III)a IV) c <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 2. a) Kelvin b) Celsius c) Fahrenheit <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 3.  Convection <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; msoasciifontfamily: Calibri; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msofareastfontfamily: Calibri; msohansifontfamily: Calibri; msolist: Ignore;"> -   Liquid and gases (fluid) <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; msoasciifontfamily: Calibri; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msofareastfontfamily: Calibri; msohansifontfamily: Calibri; msolist: Ignore;"> -   Lava lamp, ovens in some homes, hot air balloons <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; msoasciifontfamily: Calibri; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msofareastfontfamily: Calibri; msohansifontfamily: Calibri; msolist: Ignore;"> -   Particles collide <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; msoasciifontfamily: Calibri; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msofareastfontfamily: Calibri; msohansifontfamily: Calibri; msolist: Ignore;"> -  Heat and particles is transferred Conduction <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; msoasciifontfamily: Calibri; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msofareastfontfamily: Calibri; msohansifontfamily: Calibri; msolist: Ignore;"> -  Solid, liquid and gas <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; msoasciifontfamily: Calibri; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msofareastfontfamily: Calibri; msohansifontfamily: Calibri; msolist: Ignore;"> -  Aluminum <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; msoasciifontfamily: Calibri; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msofareastfontfamily: Calibri; msohansifontfamily: Calibri; msolist: Ignore;"> -  Particles collide <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; msoasciifontfamily: Calibri; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msofareastfontfamily: Calibri; msohansifontfamily: Calibri; msolist: Ignore;"> -  Heat is transferred <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 4. Conduction because kinetic energy increases in the air and causes more heat to be produced in the air. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 5. Infrared radiation because it radiation that causes heat to be transferred from one object to another through radiation.
 * Checking Concepts Chapter 10:**